1.1. The general data on cars

Family Chevrolet Niva cars represent the further development of the concept of the domestic comfortable off-road cars which beginning the car has put VAZ-2121 "Field". They differ From the predecessor the modern design, the raised comfortableness and more perfect design.

VAZ-2123 (Chevrolet Niva) and its updatings – cars of the raised passableness with a bearing body of type the versatile person, let out by joint venture "GM-AVTOVAZ" enterprise. Quantity of doors – five, number of places – five at updatings L and GLS or four at updatings LX and GLX.

The engine is located ahead is longitudinal. Transmission is executed under the scheme of a constant full drive with blocking of interaxal differential and демультипликатором. A forward suspension bracket independent rychazhno-spring, back – dependent spring. Brake mechanisms of forward wheels disk, back – drum-type, on updating LX and GLX establish antiblocking system (ABS). The Steering with firm ZF hydraulic booster is equipped by the device of adjustment of position of a steering column.

The engine VAZ-2123 with the distributed injection of the fuel, established on updating L and GLS, is developed on the basis of the engine VAZ-21213 and corresponds to norms of toxicity of Euro II. Changes have mentioned газораспределительный the mechanism: the single-row chain is applied to noise decrease and гидронатяжитель chains. With the same purpose hydraulic support of valves are established. A part of engines let out in a complete set providing norms of toxicity of Euro III. On these engines the phased injection of fuel separately in each cylinder, time in four steps, instead of under the simplified paired scheme is applied. Besides, the final collector of such engines for thermal capacity decrease is made not of pig-iron, and welded from steel stamped details. Such design reduces weight and a collector thermal capacity that accelerates warming up of neutralizer of the fulfilled gases and allows to result faster it in a working condition. With the same purpose a reception pipe теплоизолирована a basalt cloth. In system of release of such engine two oxygen gauges, to neutralizer and after it are established to trace an overall performance of a control system of the engine.

As a matter of fact the engine VAZ-2123 represents the engine VAZ-21214 adapted for motor compartment Chevrolet Niva. It differs the form of an inlet path and an arrangement of forward support of a suspension bracket of the power unit. Position of support is changed in such a manner that the engine centre of gravity is on a line of support, unlike engines VAZ-21413 and VAZ-21414 which are established on support консольно.

On updating LX and GLX establish more powerful engine Opel FAM 1 Z18XE ECOTEC, providing norms of toxicity of Euro IV. Cars with this engine are completed with five-speed transmission Aisin (Japan) united in a monoblock with a distributing box.

THE NOTE In connection with absence at the moment of the edition of the book of the full technical information on engine Opel FAM 1 Z18XE ECOTEC it is not considered in the given edition. At book reprinting constructive changes of the car will be considered.

Cars Chevrolet Niva are issued 2005 modelling years in following complete sets.

Updating L – has an adjustable steering column, a fabric upholstery of salon, immobilizer, the central lock, antifog headlights in a bumper, the air filter of salon, электростеклоподъемники the forward doors, warmed external mirrors with the electric drive, the proof-reader of light of headlights, radio preparation and a rubber rug in a radio receiver niche, and also a decorative cap on a disk of a spare wheel.

Updating GLS – the improved version of updating L. It has велюровую a salon upholstery, heating of forward seats, tinted glasses, radio preparation with the aerial and two динамиками, cast five-beam disks of wheels and a locked rigid cover of a spare wheel.

Updating LX – is equipped by a pillow of safety of the driver and ABS firms Bosch. Besides, at this version the kinematics of a pruzhinno-lever suspension bracket in which more rigid springs and shock-absorbers are applied is a little changed, and the general height of landing of a body is reduced that together with application more низкопрофильных 16-inch wheels has improved controllability on high speeds. In transmission to decrease in high-frequency vibrations are applied facilitated cardan shafts shaft of firm GKN with hinges of equal angular speeds instead of карданных hinges. Brakes are strengthened: forward brake mechanisms with ventilated disks, diameter of the vacuum amplifier is increased to 10 inches.

Updating GLX – represents the top version intended in basic for the delivery in the countries of the far abroad. It, besides listed for updating LX, is in addition equipped by a pillow of safety of the forward passenger, conditioner Delphi and seats Opel.

In the further joint venture "GM-AVTOVAZ" assumes to establish on family Chevrolet Niva cars diesel power unit PSA (for export) and a diesel engine in working volume of the Barnaul factory of 1,8 l (for home market). Besides, in the long term manufacture of commercial versions with bodies a pickup and a van is planned.

Fig. 1.1. Car Overall dimensions

In the given edition base updating L is described. Car Overall dimensions are shown on fig. 1.1, technical characteristics are resulted in tab. 1.1.

Parametres	Indicators
The general data
Number of places, including the driver	5
The equipped weight, kg	1350
Useful loading, kg	450
Overall dimensions, mm (length x width x height)	4048х2120х1652
The maximum speed on the higher transfer with full weight, km/h	140
Time of dispersal from a place with full weight, with a gear change to 100 km/h, with	19
The engine
Model	VAZ-2123
Type	Four-cycle, petrol, With the distributed injection of fuel
Quantity and arrangement of cylinders	4 abreast
Diameter of the cylinder х a piston stroke, mm	82 х 80
Working volume of cylinders, l	1,689
Compression degree	9,3
Rated power in accordance with GOST 14846 (net), Not less, kw (h.p.)	58,5 (79,6)
Frequency of rotation of a cranked shaft At rated power, mines-1	5200
The maximum twisting moment in accordance with GOST 14846 (net), not less, Н·м	127,5
Operating procedure of cylinders	1-3-4-2
Transmission
Coupling	One-disk dry, with диафрагменной a press spring
Drive of deenergizing of coupling	Hydraulic, with automatic indemnification of deterioration of overlays (on a part of cars with manual)
Transmission	Five-step, with synchronizers on all transfers of a forward course
Transfer numbers of a transmission: The first transfer The second transfer The third transfer The fourth transfer The fifth transfer Backing	3,67 2,10 1,36 1,00 0,82 3,53
Distributing box	Two-level, with interaxal blocked differential
Transfer numbers of a distributing box: The higher transfer The lowest transfer	1,2 2,135
Differential of a distributing box	Conic, two-satellite
Kardannye transfers: From a transmission to a distributing box From a distributing box to forward and back bridges From the forward bridge to wheels	With elastic муфтой and the hinge of equal angular speeds With two карданными hinges on needle bearings and sliding plugs Opened, with hinges of equal angular speeds
The main transfers of forward and back bridges: Transfer number Differential	Conic, гипоидные 3,9 Conic, two-satellite
Running gear
Forward suspension bracket	Independent on cross-section levers with the cylindrical Springs, telescopic hydraulic shock-absorbers and the stabilizer of cross-section stability
Back suspension bracket	The dependent, rigid beam connected with a body one Cross-section and four longitudinal bars, with cylindrical springs and telescopic shock-absorbers
Wheels	Disk, stamped or итые
The size of a rim	6J-15Н2 or 61/2J-15Н2
Tyres	The radial
The size of tyres	205/70R15 95T, 205/70R15 95Q M+S 205/70R15 97T, 205/70R15 97Q M+S
Steering
Steering type	Safety, with an adjustable inclination of a steering column. The steering mechanism with the hydraulic booster (on a part of cars - with the electroamplifier or without the amplifier)
Steering drive	трехзвенный, consists of one average and two lateral symmetric draughts, сошки, pendular and rotary levers
Brakes
Working brakes: Lobbies The back	Disk, with a mobile support and automatic adjustment of a backlash between a disk and колодками Drum-type, with self-aligned колодками, With automatic adjustment of a backlash between колодками and a drum
Drive of working brakes	Foot hydraulic two-planimetric, with the vacuum The amplifier and regulator давения
Lay brake	Manual with тросовым a drive on pad brake mechanisms of back wheels
Electric equipment
Electroconducting system	Single-wire, the negative pole of sources of a current is connected to "weight"
Rated voltage, In	12
The storage battery	6СТ-55А
The generator	Alternating current with the built in rectifier and an electronic regulator of pressure
Starter	Remote control with electromagnetic inclusion and муфтой a free wheeling
Body
Type	The versatile person all-metal, bearing, five-door, two-volume

Fig. 1.5. The basic units of the car (the bottom view in front): 1 – the engine; 2 – a drive of a forward wheel; 3 – a reducer of the forward bridge; 4 – forward propeller a shaft; 5 – a distributing box; 6 – an intermediate shaft; 7 – neutralizer of the fulfilled gases; 8 – a reception pipe; 9 – the stabilizer of cross-section stability; 10 – a transmission; 11 – engine protection

Fig. 1.2. Podkapotnoe space of the car (top view) with the established decorative casing: 1 – the air filter; 2 – a decorative casing; 3 – a stopper маслозаливного apertures; 4 – an adsorber

Fig. 1.3. Podkapotnoe space of the car (top view) with the removed decorative casing: 1 – the air filter; 2 – the gauge of the mass expense of air; 3 – the pump of the hydraulic booster of a steering; 4 – воздухоподводящий a branch pipe; 5 – a hose to the vacuum amplifier of a brake; 6 – a hose of the big branch of system of ventilation crankcase the engine; 7 – a hose of a small branch of system of ventilation crankcase the engine; 8 – hoses of heating of throttle knot; 9 – throttle knot; 10 – a tank of a washer of a windscreen; 11 – a broad tank of system of cooling of the engine; 12 – an adsorber of system of catching of steams of fuel; 13 – a receiver; 14 – the engine; 15 – подкапотная a lamp; 16 – the main brake cylinder; 17 – a tank of the hydraulic booster of a steering; 18 – a tank of the main cylinder of a drive of coupling; 19 – the storage battery

Fig. 1.4. Podkapotnoe space of the car (the bottom view, engine protection for descriptive reasons It is removed): 1 – a radiator of system of cooling of the engine; 2 – radiator electrofans; 3 – the pump of the hydraulic booster of a steering; 4 – a cross-beam of a forward suspension bracket; 5 – a spring of a forward suspension bracket; 6 – the bottom lever of a forward suspension bracket; 7 – the left steering draught; 8 – an extension of a cross-beam of a forward suspension bracket; 9 – a reducer of the forward bridge; 10 – a reception pipe; 11 – average steering draught; 12 – the internal hinge of a drive of forward wheels; 13 – the right steering draught; 14 – a bar of the stabilizer of cross-section stability; 15 – the external hinge of a drive of forward wheels; 16 – the generator; 17 – oil картер the engine

Fig. 1.6. The basic units of the car (the bottom view behind): 1 – a pressure regulator in back brakes; 2 – a spring of a back suspension bracket; 3 – the shock-absorber of a back suspension bracket; 4 – the bottom longitudinal bar of a back suspension bracket; 5 – the additional muffler; 6 – back propeller a shaft; 7 – the back bridge; 8 – a cross-section bar of a back suspension bracket; 9 – the basic muffler

The elements of the car located in подкапотном space, are shown on fig. 1.2,1.3,1.4, an arrangement of the basic units of the car – on fig. 1.5 and 1.6.